Bus

Nodes are directly connected to a common half-duplex link called a bus.
A host on a bus network is called a station. Every station will receive all network traffic, and the traffic generated by each station has equal transmission priority.
A bus network forms a single network segment and collision domain.
In order for nodes to share the bus, they use a Medium Access Control technology such as carrier-sense-multiple access (CSMA) or a bus master.

Advantages

Works well for small networks. It's very easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus.
Requires less cable length (lower costs) than other networks.
Linear architecture is very simple and reliable.
Easy to extend by joining cable with connector or repeater.

Collisions, resulting in packet loss.
Bandwith is shared among nodes; performance may degrade with many nodes.
Difficult to isolate faults.
If there's a break in the main cable, the entire network shuts down or is divided into two separate networks.
If any link or segment of the bus is severed, all network transmissions may fail due to a signal reflection caused by the lack of electrical termination.