Linux - Components
Bootloader
Code that runs to guide the booting process to start the operating system.
Parrot Linux uses the GRUB Bootloader.
OS Kernel
The kernel virtualizes and manages the the hardware resources like CPU, memory, and I/O devices. It gives each process its own virtual resources and prevents/mitigates conflicts between different processes.
Daemons
Background services are called “daemons” in Linux. They are programs that load after booted/login and support key functions such as scheduling, printing, and multimedia.
Shell
The command line is the interface between the OS and the user.
Some commonly used are Bash, Tsch/Csh, Ksh, Zsh, and Fish.
Graphics server
Provides a graphical sub-system (server) called “X” or “X-Server” that allows graphical programs to run locally or remotely on the X-windowing system.
Window Manager
Also known as a graphical user interface (GUI). A desktop environment usually has several applications (e.g., file and web browsers) that allow the user to access and manage the essential features of an OS.
Utilities
Applications that perform particular functions for the user or another program. Also, system utilities make available OS functionality to the user.